Breeding efforts for genetic improvement of banana and plantain have gradually
shifted from individual trait selection to simultaneous improvement of several
traits, following an ideotype concept. Therefore, information on the phenotypic
and genetic association among these traits, and the influence of environmental
factors thereupon, would be valuable to the
Musa
breeder. In this regard, the correlation of several traits with bunch weight was assessed
for a sample of 36
Musa genotypes grown at three locations (Abuja, Ibadan
and Onne) for two consecutive crop cycles. Genetic correlations between bunch
weight and plant height at flowering, height of the tallest sucker at maturity
of mother plant and number of days for fruit filling were smaller than phenotypic
correlations, suggesting a synergistic effect of genotypes and environments on
phenotypic relationship between bunch weight and those traits. However, the genetic
correlations between bunch weight and the number of days to flowering or the number
of leaves was higher than phenotypic correlations. The associations between bunch
weight and yield components were higher than between bunch weight and phenological
traits. In the former cases, the genetic correlation was similar to the phenotypic
correlation, indicating that the effect of genotype x environment interaction
on the relationship between bunch weight and yield components was neutral. This
indicates that yield components could serve as indirect selection criteria for
yield. Generally, there was a higher genetic expression for most yield components
during the second crop cycle in all the environments. This probably implies that
selection should be carried out in the second crop cycle. Different correlations
were observed across locations, suggesting that different selection indices may
be constructed to identify ideotypes best suited to specific agro-ecological niches.